1.必学四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动物研究者It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起， Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 大家一行人筹备根据简研究黑猩猩的办法去森林里拜访它们。 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这类黑猩猩家族已经不少年了，她帮助大家知道黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 大家当天的首项任务就是察看黑猩猩一家是怎么样醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着大家要返回前一天晚上大家离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大伙坐在树荫下等待着，这个时候猩猩们睡醒了，筹备离开。 Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，大家尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大多数时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方法。 Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 简预先提醒大家，到下午的时候大家就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分大家感觉这所有都是值得的。 We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. 大家看到黑猩猩母亲跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一块回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 我了解了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. 在简之前无人完全知道黑猩猩的行为。 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来察看并记录黑猩猩的平时生活。 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. 从孩童年代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However, this was not easy. 但，这不是一件简单的事。When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. 当她1960年刚开始来到贡贝时，对女人来讲，住进大森林还是非常稀罕的事情。only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她妈妈头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始我们的计划。Her workchanged the way people think about chimps. 她的工作改变了大家对黑猩猩的怎么看。 For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 比如，她的一个要紧发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 在此之前，大家一直觉得黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。 She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. 而她过去亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是怎么样交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人知道并尊重这类动物的生活。 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or adverti百度竞价推广ents. 她倡导应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不可以用于娱乐或广告。 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. 她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。She is leading a busy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的："once I sTOP, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. ―我一旦停下来，所有些所有都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. 每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头一直萦绕着我。I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" 我会对自己说：难道它们不幸运吗？‘ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. 然后我就想起那些没任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。once you have seen that you can never forget ..."一旦你看到这类，你就从来不会忘记……‖She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. 简已经得到了她想要得到的所有：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女性和男性一样也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她勉励着大家为妇女们的收获而欢呼喝彩。
2.必学四Unit 1 WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? 为何不继续她的事业？ I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但我进大学该选哪门专业呢？I did not knowthe answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. 直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女人时，我才有了答案。By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. 非常偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚医生的文章。她是妇科专家，She lived from 1901 to 1983. 1901年出生，1983年过世。 It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. 林巧稚好像一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，她去海外留学，并写了不少书和文章。One of them caught my eye. 其中有一本书引起了我的注意。It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. 这是一本小书，介绍怎么样从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中减少死亡率。She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. 她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，维持婴儿清洗和健康，让他们离得远远的疾病。 Why did she write that? 她为何要写这类东西呢？ Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? 林巧稚觉得什么妇女会需要这类忠告呢？ I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我细细地看了这篇文章，获悉那是为农村妇女写的。Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.或许是她们在遇见紧急状况时找不到大夫。Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 忽然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. 那可是一个女人受教育一直排在男士之后的年代。 Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? 难道她比其他人要聪明得多？ Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我获悉，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 后来使她成功的是她对所有患者献出的爱心和体贴。There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚怎么样在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这类家庭是不可能给她报酬的。By now I could not wait to find out more about her. 目前我迫不及待地想多知道一些有关她的状况。 I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. 我发现林巧稚把毕生都奉献给了患者，而自己却选择了独身。Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. 她确保了大约五万名婴儿的安全出生。By this time I was very excited. 这个时候，我很激动。Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为何不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and…. 目前努力提升学习成绩、筹备大学入学考试还不算晚……3.必学四Unit2 A PIonEER FOR ALL PEOPLE造福全人类的先驱者Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 尽管是中国最的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然觉得自己是个农民，由于他在田里耕作，进行科学研究。Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸颊和和手臂，与他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植的是被叫做―超级杂交水稻的‖的稻种。 In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收成三分之一的产量。Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.现在中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上源于这种杂交稻种。Born in a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 袁博士1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 从那时起，找到水稻高产的办法就成为他一生的目的。As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需要。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 当时，饥荒是很多农村区域面临的紧急问题。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的渠道。 In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. 1950年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷， In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. 而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。These increasedharvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. 这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. 袁博士目前在印度、越南和不少其他欠发达国家传播提升水稻产量的常识。 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. 袁博士非常认可他的生活。However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. 但，他对成名并不在乎，并且感觉出名后搞科研就不那样自由了。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. 他宁可把时间花在我们的业余喜好上。He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打牌、游泳和念书。Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 在自己身上烧钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来讲意义不大。Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. 事实上，他觉得一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只能更多，而不是更少。 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助别的人进行农业科学研究。Just dreaming for things, however, cosplayts nothing. 梦想是不花本钱的。 Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. 很长时间以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 袁博士从梦中醒来，期望能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 在不少年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.一个梦想一直不够的，特别对一个热爱和关心人民的人来讲更是这样。
4.必学四Unit2 CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? 化学耕作还是有机耕作？Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中用化肥已经很常见。Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to sTOP crop disease and increase production. 不少农民喜欢用化肥。把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提升产量的要紧方法。 Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health. 然而，近期科学家发现长期用这类肥料会导致土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对大家的健康导致风险。What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? 化肥带来的问题有什么呢？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. 第一，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. 化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很久，This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. 而这会干扰到庄稼，进而影响到动物和人类，由于化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不可以被冲洗掉。These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 伴随时间的推移，食物中的这类化学成分会在人体中堆积。Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 不少化学成分能致使癌症或其他疾病。 In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物一般成长得过快而营养不足。 They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals. 它们表面上非常好看，但里面一般是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. 因为这类发现，一些农民和买家开始转向有机耕作。 Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有机耕作就是不需要任何化学肥料的耕作。They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 农民关心的是维持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤会降低病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。 Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. 因此，有机耕作的农民一般喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。 They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. 他们觉得如此会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会愈加肥沃， This also keeps the air, soil, water and cropsfree from chemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水与农作物不受化学物质的污染。Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. 有机耕作的农民也用不少其他的办法来维持土地肥沃。They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. 在同一块地里，他们常常每隔几年就换种农作物。 比如，种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆如此的农作物将要紧的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适合于种植需要土地肥沃的农作物，譬如玉米或小麦。 Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. 有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来借助不同层次的土壤。譬如，他们先种植成长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以预防水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。 These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health. 这类不一样的有机耕作的办法有着同样的目的：种植好的粮食，防止损害环境或者大家的健康。
5.必学四Unit 3 A MASTER OF NonVERBAL HUMOUR无声的幽默的大师As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face",维克多·雨果过去说过：―笑容好似阳光，驱散大家脸上的阴霾‖and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 关于这一点，直至今也无人比查理·卓别林做的更好。 He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. 在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 在大家感到沮丧的时候，查理使大家开怀大笑，于是他们对我们的生活感到愈加满足。 Not that Charlie's own life was easy! 然而卓别林我们的生活也并困难。He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. 他生于1889年，出身贫寒。他的爸爸妈妈都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taughtto sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你或许会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。 Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. 如此的练习在当时的演员家庭中是非常常见的，特别是在家庭收入常常不稳定的时候。 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的爸爸过世了，使得他的家庭愈加艰难，所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的妈妈和弟弟。 By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. 在十多岁的时候，凭着着我们的幽默，查理已经在英国成为欢迎的童星之一。 He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 他可以不说话而仅靠动作来模仿白痴做平时的任务。No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. 看他的表演无人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得所有都那样滑稽可笑。As time went by, he began making films. .伴随时间的推移，他开始拍电影。He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 他塑造的可爱的―小流浪汉‖角色开始闻名于世，而查理愈加受青睐。The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. 这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖迈着僵硬的节奏四处走动。 This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. 这个角色是个社会日常的失败者，但他乐观的精神和战胜困难的决心使他遭到大家的喜欢。 He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. 面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依旧维持友善的态度。How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? 然而这个小流浪汉是怎么样把悲凉的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？ Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. 这里有一个例子，源于他最的电影之一《淘金记》。 It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. 19世纪中叶，在加利福尼亚州发现了金子。 Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. 像其他不少人一样，小流浪汉和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但却没成功。Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. 相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没任何东西可吃。 They areso hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. 他们饿极了，只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。 Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. 查理第一挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。Then he cuts off the leather TOP of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. 然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，就像切下一块的牛排。 Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. 最后他试着把鞋底割下来嚼着吃。He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. 他每一口都嚼得津津有味。 The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! 查理的表演是那样有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最好看的味的一餐！Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. 查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. 1972年他被授与奥斯卡特别奖，以表彰他在电影界的杰出工作。He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.他生活在英国和美国，却在瑞士度过了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年安葬在那里。He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence大家热爱和怀念这位伟大的演员，由于他激励大家并增强他们的信心。